The measurement of energy consumption during milling different cereals using the sieve analyses

ArticleThis paper deals with the measurement of energy consumption required for disintegration of different cereals depending on the desired fineness of obtained grist. The energy consumption necessary for milling was compared with the results of a sieve analysi s before and after the disintegration process. The obtained results were compared with energy expended during the disintegration of cereals and were analysed to determine the coefficients of the ratio of fineness of milling/energy consumption. They was fou nd to have good conformity. Special attention was paid to the RRSB distribution for determination of statistic average particle size and specific area of malt grist. Specific area of grist particles from different cereals was determined by calculation of t he limited area and x axis in diagrams, this effort is necessary for optimisation of the disintegration process with impact on the quality of final food

Evaluation of nutritional and physical values of pellets based on pea and lupine with added yeast in chickens fattening

ArticleThe article is focused on the development of the new type of broiler chicken feed, based on pea (Pisum sativum L.) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L), enriched with used dried brewer´s yeast. This composition eliminates use of soybean meal (PES) that was yet a traditional component in chicken feed. The main reason for its elimination was the using of genetically modified varieties of soybean and its relatively high price around 0.5 €uro kg-1 in Czech Republic. For milling of pea or blue lupine was used vertical (hammer) mill type Taurus, supplied by company TAURUS, for drying of used brewer´s yeast had been used drier Memmert UFE 800, final dry matter of the yeast was 88%. For pellets production were used two devices, press type JGE 120-6110 and Testmer. For the determination of physical properties of manufactured pellets (the weight of 1,000 pieces, bulk density, abrasiveness and pellet durability index PDI) were used following laboratory devices, Pellet Tester Holmen NHP and Testmer 200. Experimental activities had shown that the best results were reached using pellets manufactured on base blue lupine enriched by dried brewer´s yeast (6%)

Full Contoured Tooth-Implant Supported 3-Pointic All-Ceramic Denture During Occlusal Load Transfer in Lateral Region

Implant and a tooth supported dentures are avoided by dentists because of uneven distribution of occlusal loads between a stiffer implant and a more pliable tooth. The hypothesis was that a 3-point all-ceramic bridge supported on a natural second premolar tooth and a two-pieces typical implant bears safely mastication loads. The finite element analysis showed that the implant splinted by all-ceramic zirconium bridge with the second premolar was safe under lateral mastication load, but there was found an overload at wide zone of bone tissue around the implant under the load of 800 N. The patients can safely masticate, but comminution of hard food should be avoided and they should be instructed that after such an indiscretion they need to contact a dental professional, because, in spite of integrity of the prosthesis, the bone tissue around the implant may fail and there is a hazard of intrusion of the tooth

Full Contoured Tooth-Implant Supported 3-Pointic All-Ceramic Denture During Occlusal Load Transfer in Lateral Region

Implant and a tooth supported dentures are avoided by dentists because of uneven distribution of occlusal loads between a stiffer implant and a more pliable tooth. The hypothesis was that a 3-point all-ceramic bridge supported on a natural second premolar tooth and a two-pieces typical implant bears safely mastication loads. The finite element analysis showed that the implant splinted by all-ceramic zirconium bridge with the second premolar was safe under lateral mastication load, but there was found an overload at wide zone of bone tissue around the implant under the load of 800 N. The patients can safely masticate, but comminution of hard food should be avoided and they should be instructed that after such an indiscretion they need to contact a dental professional, because, in spite of integrity of the prosthesis, the bone tissue around the implant may fail and there is a hazard of intrusion of the tooth

Composition of Nb-Ta-Ti-Sn-W oxide minerals: indicators of magmatic to hydrothermal evolution of the Cínovec granite intrusion and Sn-W deposit (Czech Republic)

The Cínovec (Zinnwald) Sn-W ore deposit is genetically linked to intrusion of late Variscan, highly fractionated granite which expresses the latest evolutionary stage of a volcano-plutonic system of the Teplice caldera. Whole intrusion is relatively highly fractionated and from bottom ( ~ 1500 m) to top part of cupola-shaped deposit is obviously following succession from biotite (annite) granodiorite-granite-zinnwaldite granite, with the partly greisenized uppermost part at 300–500 m depth (Štemprok 1965, 1971). In 1961−63 the Czechoslovakian Geological Survey (CGS) drilled a 1596 m deep borehole in the Sn-W-mineralized Cínovec granite cupola (Štemprok 1965, Štemprok & Šulcek 1969). All studied rock types include W- and Sn-bearing minerals (wolframite series, scheelite and cassiterite) and disseminated accessory Nb-Ta-Ti-W- Sn minerals (Štemprok & Šulcek 1969, Štemprok 1989, Johan and Johan 1994) which were obtained from the collection of CGS in Prague and studied by BSE and electron microprobe. They crystallized in following succession: rutile + columbite + cassiterite (biotite granodiorite) → rutile + columbite + W-rich ixiolite + cassiterite + scheelite in zinnwaldite granite. Textural relationships of these Nb- Ta-Ti-Sn-W minerals indicate predominantly their magmatic origin and part of them (e.g., cassiterite and columbite) show minor post-magmatic alteration phenomena like distinctly inhomogeneous mixtures of secondary pyrochlore-group minerals (“oxykenopyrochlore” and oxycalciopyrochlore). Nb/Ta and Fe/Mn fractionation trends led to characteristic Mn and Ta enrichment from bottom (biotite granite) to uppermost zinnwaldite granite, especially in columbite-group minerals. While Nb/ Ta fractionation is limitedly applied, effective Fe/ Mn fractionation led to significant Mn – enrichment of late-magmatic phases [columbite-(Mn) and W-rich ixiolite]. Post-magmatic to hydrothermal metasomatic fluids caused partial greisenization of the granites and this stage is represented by latest columbite + scheelite + cassiterite + wolframite assemblage. The last two minerals were objects of extensive mining in the past. Although the hydrothermal system was enriched in F and Li (presence of topaz and zinnwaldite), there are only relatively limited Nb/Ta and Fe/Mn fractionations in post-magmatic columbite. Similarly to primary fractionation, both Nb/Ta and Fe/Mn ones take place and overlap characteristic primary Mn-enrichment. Effective Mn-redistribution is predominantly controlled by crystallization of Mn-dominant wolframite like hübnerite in the hydrothermal stage. Scandium is typical rare element in primary (magmatic) and secondary (hydrothermal) mineral assemblage. While primary Sc-fractionation continues the ongoing Sc-enrichment mostly in columbite to uppermost parts of intrusion, the hydrothermal Sc-redistribution is controlled by crystallization of main ore mineral – wolframite, which consumed a major part of scandium. Main substitution mechanisms in rutile-cassiterite-wolframite-columbite assemblage include following heterovalent substitutions: (i) Ti 3 (Fe,Mn) 2+ −1 (Nb,Ta) −2 , (ii) Ti 2 Fe 3+ −1 (Nb,Ta) −1 , (iii) (Nb,Ta) 4 Fe 2+ −1 W −3 . Moreover, a part of minor cations can enter via: (iv) (Fe,Mn) 2+ 1 W 1 (Fe,Sc) 3+ −1 (Nb,Ta) −1 into wolframite lattice, (v) W 1 (Ti,Sn) 1 (Nb,Ta) −2 , (vi) (Sc,Fe) 3+ 3 (Fe,Mn) 2+ −2 (Nb,Ta) −1 , and (vii) W 2 Sc 3+ 1 (Nb,Ta) −3 into columbite lattice. Calculated Fe 3+ can be introduced into rutile lattice predominantly via mechanism (ii), while via (iv) into wolframite lattice and together with Sc 3+ via (vi) into columbite lattice. The last mechanism results in charge imbalance of A and B positions of columbite lattice entering R 3+ cations to. The distinctly varying calculated Fe 3+ values can refer to changing f O 2 during columbite, rutile, W-rich ixiolite and wolframite crystallization. Therefore, the textural and crystallo-chemical features of studied Nb-Ta-Ti-Sn-W oxide minerals in the Cínovec granite cupola reflect a complex geochemical development of this granite system and ore mineralization from primary magmatic stage, through late-magmatic to subsolidus conditions, and ending in distinct hydrothermally – metasomatic overprint of pre-existing phases

Finite Element Analysis Of Adolescent Mandible Fracture Occurring During Accidents

The paper aims was assessing risks of mandible fractures consequent to impacts or sport accidents. The role of the structural stiffness of mandible, related to disocclusion state, was evaluated using the finite element method. It has been assumed, that the quasi-static stress field, due to distributed forces developed during accidents, could explain the common types of mandibular fractures. Mandibular condyles were supposed jammed in the maxillary fossae. The force of 700 N, simulating an impact on mandible, has been sequentially applied in three distinct areas: centrally, at canine zone and at the mandibular angle. Clinically most frequent fractures of mandible were recognized through the analysis of maximal principal stress/strain fields. It has been shown that mandibular fracture during accidents can be analyzed at satisfactory level using linear quasi-static models for designing protections